不同降水年型下免耕对冬小麦氮素积累与产量的影响

基于河南省2011—2017年长期定位耕作试验数据对RZWQM2模型进行了率定和验证,利用RZWQM2模型分析了不同降水年型免耕对0~100cm土层贮水量、冬小麦地上部氮素积累量和根部氮素积累量、冬小麦产量及氮素利用率的影响。模拟结果表明,不同降水年型冬小麦地上部氮素积累量和根部氮素积累量、冬小麦产量由大到小均表现为丰水年、平水年、枯水年。与传统耕作相比,免耕使枯水年、平水年和丰水年冬小麦不同生育期0~100cm土层平均贮水量分别提高11.3%、12.9%和16.9%。与传统耕作相比,免耕使枯水年冬小麦地上部氮素积累量和平水年抽雄期-收获期根部氮素积累量分别提高2.5%和3.1%,分别提高枯水年、平水年和丰水年氮素利用率26.7%、8.7%和6.0%,免耕较传统耕作氮肥利用效率在枯水年提高11.7%,而在丰水年降低1.7%。     

2020年安徽省一季水稻生产情况分析

安徽省是全国水稻生产大省,其中以一季稻为主.该文基于安徽省水稻苗情监测系统,在对29个一季稻苗情监测县调查的基础上,总结了2020年安徽省一季稻生产形势、效益情况及面临的问题,并提出了相应的对策建议.     

Effects of dietary supplementation with Gynura procumbens (Merr.) on egg yolk cholesterol,excreta microflora and laying hen performance

1. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Gynura procumbens on egg yolk and serum cholesterol and triglycerides, excreta microflora, laying performance and egg quality.

2. A total of 160 Hy-Line Brown layers (45 weeks old) were randomly assigned into 4 treatments on the basis of laying performance. Each treatment had 4 replicates with 10 birds each.

3. Dietary treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g/kg diet G. procumbens during 56-d feeding period.

4. Serum (d 21, 42 and 56) and egg yolk (d 28, 42 and 56) cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were linearly reduced with increasing dietary concentrations of G. procumbens.

5. Increasing dietary concentrations of G. procumbens linearly reduced the excreta total anaerobic bacteria (d 28), Clostridium sp. and Escherichia coli (d 28 and 56) populations.

6. Overall egg production and egg mass were linearly increased, and overall feed efficiency was linearly improved with increase in dietary G. procumbens.

7. Dietary increasing concentrations of G. procumbens linearly improved egg yolk colour (d 28 and 56) and breaking strength of eggs (d 56).

8. The results obtained in the present experiment indicate that dietary supplementation with G. procumbens could reduce the egg yolk cholesterol, suppresses harmful excreta microflora and improves layers performance.     

用可见光图像法测定林火蔓延速率的误差

图像法在林火蔓延速率测定中应用很广,但多数研究没有给出该方法的测定误差。采用图像法、标杆法和热电偶法对室内点烧实验的蔓延速率进行了测量,以标杆法和热电偶法的结果为基准,给出了图像法蔓延速率测定的误差,并对影响图像法测量精度的一些因子进行了分析。结果表明:1)以标杆法为基准,可见光图像测量的蔓延速率的平均绝对误差为0.035 4 m·min-1,平均相对误差为3.49%;以热电偶法为基准,可见光图像测量的蔓延速率的平均绝对误差为0.034 4 m·min-1,平均相对误差为3.31%。图像法与标杆法和热电偶法无显著差异。标杆法和热电偶法只能测得特定点或部分时段的蔓延速度,可见光图像测量法可以测量多点蔓延速度,因此,图像法比标杆法和热电偶法更具优势,可以替代标杆法或热电偶法。2)拍摄位置对误差影响不显著;风增加了蔓延速率,增加了图像法测量林火蔓延速率的绝对误差,相对误差变化不大。透视范围受拍摄角度的影响较大,随着拍摄角度的减小,图像法测量的误差增大。     

松花江鲤鱼肌肉肌苷酸含量和鱼肉保鲜时间的研究

纸层析法对松花江鲤鱼肌肉肌苷酸含量和鱼肉保鲜时间作了研究，结果表明：室温２０℃下，鲤鱼肌肉存放３小时左右，肌苷酸含量达到了最高值为６．３２６±０．１２μｍｏｌ／ｇ，保鲜时间为９小时。冷冻－１８℃下，鲤鱼肌肉存放１０天，肌苷酸含量达到了峰值为５．９３１±０．１３μｍｏｌ／ｇ，保鲜时间为２０天。     

Evaluation of the nutritive value of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal, inoculated with fish intestinal bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus circulans in formulated diets for rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings

Nine isonitrogenous (35% crude protein approximately) and isocaloric (18.37 kJ g^?1) experimental diets (RLL20–BCFL40) were formulated with either raw or treated (inoculated with fish intestinal bacteria) Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal at 20%, 30% and 40% levels replacing other ingredients partially from a fish meal based reference diet (RD). Two specific strains of fish intestinal bacteria, Bacillus subtilis (isolated from Cyprinus carpio) and B. circulans (isolated from Oreochromis mossambicus) having extracellular cellulolytic and amylolytic activities, were used to inoculate Leucaena leaf meal for 15 days at 37°C. The crude fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose contents and the antinutritional factors, tannin, phytic acid and mimosine in the leaf meal decreased due to inoculation. However, free amino acids and fatty acids increased in the treated leaf meal. The response of rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings fed the experimental diets for 80 days was compared with fish fed a RD. Both the inclusion level and type of Leucaena leaf meal in diets significantly affected the growth performance of rohu. Fish fed diets containing inoculated Leucaena leaf meal performed better in comparison with those with the RD. On the basis of growth response, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilization, diet formulated with 30%Leucaena leaf meal inoculated with B. circulans resulted in the best performance of rohu fingerlings followed by diet with 40%B. subtilis inoculated Leucaena leaf meal. The apparent protein digestibility (APD) was better in fish fed diets containing B. circulans inoculated leaf meal. An increasing level of raw Leucaena leaf meal was associated with a decrease in the carcass protein content of rohu fingerlings. The activity of α‐amylase increased with the increasing level of treated leaf meal in diets. Cellulase activity increased with increasing level of inclusion of raw leaf meal, and was comparatively lower in fish fed diets with treated leaf meal. Activities of protease and lipase were higher in fish fed the RD. The results showed that it is possible to incorporate Leucaena leaf meal inoculated with enzyme‐producing fish intestinal bacteria in carp diets up to 40% level of inclusion.     

南海灯光罩网沉降性能研究

根据2013年3月至4月南海灯光罩网渔船测定的沉降深度数据及搜集的渔船操作数据和海洋环境数据,对南海灯光罩网沉降深度和沉降速度与时间的关系进行了研究,并构建多元线性回归模型分析了灯光罩网最大沉降深度与放网时间、海流速度等因子的影响关系。结果显示:(1)网口纲一边沉降过程中沉降深度呈现两端深中间浅的趋势,网口纲两端最大沉降深度基本一致;(2)网口纲一边沉降速度呈现两端快中间慢的趋势,网口纲两端沉降速度都在10 m水深达到最大,而网口纲中部在5 m水深达到最大;(3)网具沉降深度与时间的关系式为H=-0.0008t2+0.4766t+1.2063(R2=0.9985),网具沉降速度与时间的关系式为:V=-1E-07t2-0.0018t+0.5269(R2=0.8813);(4)多元线性回归分析显示放网时间、风流向夹角、绞纲时间对网具最大沉降深度影响极为显著(P0.001),而海流速度、风力对网具最大沉降深度影响不太显著(P0.1);且各影响因子之间不存在多重共线性(κ=2.396100)。可为改善南海灯光罩网沉降性能提供参考,并为海上生产提供指导。     

光照对中国对虾稚虾3种消化酶活力的影响

在实验室条件下研究光照(光照周期、光照强度和光色)对中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)稚虾3种消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶)活力的影响。在本实验条件下,主要结果如下:(1)4种光照周期下,对虾3种消化酶的活力差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)在完全黑暗、6μmol.m-2.s-1、30μmol.m-2.s-1和110μmol.m-2.s-1光照强度下,对虾蛋白酶的活力分别为0.361 U.mg-1(protein)、0.081 U.mg-1(protein)、0.088 U.mg-1(protein)和0.273 U.mg-1(protein),完全黑暗和110μmol.m-2.s-1下的活力显著高于其他两个光照强度(P<0.05),且两者间的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);中国对虾淀粉酶的活力分别为0.386 U.mg-1(protein)、0.095 U.mg-1(protein)、0.111 U.mg-1(protein)和0.315 U.mg-1(protein),完全黑暗和110μmol.m-2.s-1条件下的活力显著高于其他两个光照强度(P<0.05),两者间的差异亦达到显著水平(P<0.05);对虾脂肪酶的活力分别为0.147×10-2U.mg-1(protein)、0.150×10-2U.mg-1(protein)、0.170×10-2U.mg-1(protein)和0.183×10-2U.mg-1(protein),完全黑暗和110μmol.m-2.s-1条件下的活力差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);(3)不同光色下,对虾蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力差异不显著(P>0.05),脂肪酶的活力则存在一定的差异,蓝光和黄光下,对虾脂肪酶的活力分别为0.093×10-2U.mg-1(protein)和0.107×10-2U.mg-1(protein),显著高于白光和绿光下的活力(P<0.05),但蓝光组和黄光组间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

玉米粒部性状对子粒脱水速率的影响

以8个自交系配制的56个玉米杂交组合为试验材料,对子粒脱水速率、子粒果皮厚度及子粒大小性状进行测定与分析。结果表明,子粒果皮厚度和子粒大小对子粒水分有一定影响,果皮厚度与子粒脱水速率呈负相关,与子粒含水量呈正相关;子粒的长、宽、厚均与子粒脱水速率呈正相关,且子粒长与子粒脱水速率的相关性显著。     

油菜素内酯促进芹菜中阿维菌素和辛硫磷残留降解效果研究

为探讨油菜素内酯(BR)促进芹菜中阿维菌素和辛硫磷残留的降解效果,以芹菜为试验材料,采用QuEChERS法结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术,研究了阿维菌素和辛硫磷在芹菜上自然降解及油菜素内酯对其降解的影响。结果表明,喷施1.8%阿维菌素乳油,芹菜的安全采收期为21 d,半衰期为6.60 d;喷施40%辛硫磷乳油,芹菜的安全采收期为14 d,半衰期为3.04 d。BR能够有效促进阿维菌素和辛硫磷的降解,降解效果优于自然降解,且以0.1 mg·L^-1BR为最适喷施浓度,2次为最适喷施次数。阿维菌素在最适浓度0.1 mg·L^-1BR处理1次条件下半衰期为4.03 d,安全采收期为14 d,较自然降解提早7 d;最适2次BR处理下半衰期为2.11 d,安全采收期为7 d,较自然降解提早14 d。辛硫磷在最适浓度0.1 mg·L^-1 BR处理1次条件下半衰期为1.83 d,安全采收期为7 d,较自然降解提早7 d;最适2次BR处理下半衰期为1.05 d,安全采收期为7 d,较自然降解提早7 d。最佳喷施条件下,BR对辛硫磷的降解效果优于阿维菌素的降解效果。本研究可为芹菜产品农药残留水平安全控制提供科学依据,为蔬菜产品农药残留降解研究提供参考。